The African Black Beetle occurs mainly in Western Australia and the wetter coastal south-eastern regions up to South East Queensland. [3][4] Other constituents include: 1,8-cineole, eugenol, and myrcene, among others. This is because basil cross-breeds easily, and drawing boundaries between species is particularly difficult. on Basil in Florida and the United States. Solid purple, rich and spicy and a little more anise-like than the flavor of Genovese Basil. It behaves as an annual if there is any chance of a frost. They are used in a variety of ways: as culinary herbs, landscape plants, healing herbs, teas, and worship implements. Dark shiny purple with a jagged edge on the leaves, smaller leaves than red rubin. [10] The Latin name has been confused with basilisk, as it was supposed to be an antidote to the basilisk's venom. Use thrips proof mesh. It can, however, be grown even in a basement, under fluorescent lights. Basil cultivars are cultivated varieties of basil.They are used in a variety of ways: as culinary herbs, landscape plants, healing herbs, teas, and worship implements. Basil can also be propagated reliably from cuttings with the stems of short cuttings suspended for two weeks or so in water until roots develop. In fact, recent studies have led to reclassification of some portions of the genus. South Africa– Blue Sky Publications (Pty) Ltd T/A TheSouthAfrican Number: 2005/028472/07. CORONAVIRUS vaccine rollout starts in less than 24 hours, marking the beginning of the end of the pandemic. While most common varieties of basil are treated as annuals, some are perennial in warm, tropical climates, including holy basil and a cultivar known as "African blue basil". In Taiwan, people add fresh basil leaves to thick soups. [18][19], Basil suffers from several plant pathogens that can ruin the crop and reduce yield. It is widely used in Indonesia, where it is called kemangi, served raw together with raw cabbage, green beans, and cucumber as an accompaniment to fried fish or duck. Leaf sizes range from 3 cm (1.2 in) to 11 cm (4.3 in) long, and between 1 cm (0.39 in) and 6 cm (2.4 in) wide. The dried herb also loses most of its flavor, and what little flavor remains tastes very different, with a weak coumarin flavor, like hay. Columnar basil, can only be propagated from cuttings. Clean, aromatic lemon scent, similar to lemon basil. It is a tender plant, and is used in cuisines worldwide. [1] Although it is estimated that there are 50 to 150 species of basil,[2][3] most, but not all, culinary basils are cultivars of O. basilicum, or sweet basil. Production areas include countries in the Mediterranean area, those in the temperate zone, and others in subtropical climates.[17]. [citation needed], Basil is one of the main ingredients in pesto—a green Italian oil-and-herb sauce. Basil is native to India and other tropical regions stretching from Africa to Southeast Asia, but has now become globalized due to human cultivation.[3]. All true basils are species of the genus Ocimum. More practically, the fragrance of the basil varies due to the varying types and quantities of essential oils contained in the plants. Its leaves are richly green and ovate, but otherwise come in a wide variety of sizes and shapes depending on cultivar. Another large-leaf variety, stronger flavor than sweet Genovese. They also eat fried chicken with deep-fried basil leaves. [21][22], Non-pathogenic bacteria found on basil include Novosphingobium species. Basil grows a thick, central taproot. The most important are 1,8 cineol, linalool, citral, methyl chavicol (estragole), eugenol and methyl cinnamate, although hardly any basil contains all of these in any significant amount. × citriodorum), and holy basil (Ocimum tenuiflorum). Award-winning hybrid with an uncommon degree of uniformity, and nice flavor for culinary use. Traditionally a green plant, some varieties, such as 'Purple Delight' have leaves that appear purple. However, due to its popularity, basil is cultivated in many countries around the world. [26][27], There are many rituals and beliefs associated with basil. Fusarium wilt is a soil-borne fungal disease that will quickly kill younger basil plants. Roberts, P.D., Raid, R.N., Harmon, P.F., Jordan, S.A., Palmateer, A.J., 2009. If its leaves have wilted from lack of water, it will recover if watered thoroughly and placed in a sunny location. Several other basils, including some other Ocimum species,[16] are grown in many regions of Asia. [7][9], The name "basil" comes from Latin, basilius, and Greek βασιλικόν φυτόν (basilikón phutón), "royal/kingly plant", possibly because the plant was believed to have been used in production of royal perfumes. Basil is an annual, or sometimes perennial, herb used for its leaves. Visually, the size and shape of the leaves varies greatly, from the large lettuce-like leaves of the Mammoth basil and Lettuce leaf basil to the tiny leaves of the Dwarf bush basil. Ceuppens, S., Delbeke, S., De Coninck, D., Boussemaere, J., Boon, N., & Uyttendaele, M. (2015). International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 12(8), 10171–10197. [6] The aroma profile of basil includes 1,8-cineole[7][8] and methyl eugenol. However, basil represented hatred in ancient Greece, [30], Holy basil, also called tulsi, is highly revered in Hinduism. [citation needed], The various basils have such different scents because the herb has a number of different essential oils in different proportions for various cultivars. [35] The ancient Egyptians and ancient Greeks believed it would open the gates of heaven for a person passing on. [citation needed], The most commonly used Mediterranean basil cultivars are "Genovese", "Purple Ruffles", "Mammoth", "Cinnamon", "Lemon", "Globe", and "African Blue". Basil is popularly recommended as a companion plant to the tomato. [3] It is a tender plant, and is used in cuisines worldwide. All true basils are species of the genus Ocimum.The genus is particularly diverse, and includes annuals, non-woody perennials and shrubs native to Africa and other tropical and subtropical regions of the Old and New World. [23], Basil is most commonly used fresh in recipes. In his book, the African Slave Trade, Basil Davidson likens enslavement on the African continent to European serfdom. [4], Basil cultivars vary in several ways. In Northern Europe, Canada, the northern states of the U.S., and the South Island of New Zealand it will grow best if sown under glass in a peat pot, then planted out in late spring/early summer (when there is little chance of a frost). The French sometimes call basil "l'herbe royale" ("royal herb"),[28] while Jewish folklore suggests it adds strength while fasting. This recipe can be eaten as a side dish or as a light meal. Basil is sensitive to cold, with best growth in hot, dry conditions. It also thrives over the summertime in the central and northern United States, but dies out when temperatures reach freezing point. Plant Disease 93, 199–199. [36], In Giovanni Boccaccio's 14th century Decameron, the fifth story of the narrative's fourth day, involves a pot of basil as a central plot device. Plant Disease 93, 318–318. Unusual among Lamiaceae, the four stamens and the pistil are not pushed under the upper lip of the corolla, but lie over the inferior lip. Its flowers, when broken up, are a zesty salad condiment. Black spot can be seen on basil foliage and is caused by the fungi genus Colletotrichum. Its flowers are small and white, and grow from a central inflorescence that emerges from the central stem atop the plant. Wick, R.L., Brazee, N.J., 2009. Competition and Land-Use Efficiency of Popularly Recommended and Discouraged Crop Mixtures in Biointensive Agriculture Systems", "Blessing of the Waters known as Agiasmos conducted by a Greek Orthodox priest", Basil: Knowing and Growing from the New York Botanical Garden, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Basil&oldid=1006799273, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with unsourced statements from April 2019, Articles needing additional references from February 2021, All articles needing additional references, Articles with unsourced statements from July 2018, Articles with unsourced statements from February 2021, Articles containing Romanian-language text, Articles containing Serbian-language text, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 14 February 2021, at 21:30. Depending on the species and cultivar, the leaves may taste somewhat like anise, with a strong, pungent, often sweet smell. Yes, West Africans played a key role in the transatlantic trade of enslaved people. ... basil, fennel coriander and sage. Basil is native to tropical regions from central Africa to Southeast Asia. Has leaves so large they are sometimes used in salads. Almost as popular as sweet basil, with similar flavor. Characterization of the Bacterial Community Naturally Present on Commercially Grown Basil Leaves: Evaluation of Sample Preparation Prior to Culture-Independent Techniques. Common claims are that basil may deter pests or improve tomato flavor. A vigorous, large-leaved green basil with a strong, fresh lemon scent, This page was last edited on 13 January 2021, at 15:52. Depending on the variety, plants can reach between 30 cm (0.98 ft) and 150 cm (4.9 ft). It's also an essential ingredient in the popular Italian tomato sauce marinara. Most of the Asian basils have a clove-like flavor that is, in general, stronger than the Mediterranean basils, such as tulsi. [3][5] The clove scent of sweet basil is derived from eugenol. The genus is particularly diverse, and includes annuals, non-woody perennials and shrubs native to Africa and other tropical and subtropical regions of the Old and New World. It will grow back the next year if allowed to go to seed. [citation needed], When soaked in water, the seeds of several basil varieties become gelatinous, and are used in Asian drinks and desserts such as faluda, sharbat-e-rihan, or hột é. The leaves are not the only part of basil used in culinary applications, the flower buds have a more subtle flavor and they are edible. Some are cultivars of other basil species, and others are hybrids. [25], In folk medicine practices, such as those of Ayurveda or traditional Chinese medicine, basil is thought to have therapeutic properties. Its origins date back to North African cultures and is one of the very popular choices of tapas in Seville's bars. It was SO delicious! Esperance Muginga-Kaigi fled war in Africa and came to Australia as a refugee She struggled to find African cuisine in Tasmania Ms Muginga-Kaigi now runs a … There are many varieties of basil, as well as several related species or hybrids also called basil. These herbs’ strong smell confuses the cabbage white butterfly. Grows in a bush form, very small leaves, strong flavor. Basil (/ˈbæzəl/,[1] also US: /ˈbeɪzəl/;[2] Ocimum basilicum), also called great basil, is a culinary herb of the family Lamiaceae (mints). Grows tightly like boxwood, very small leaves, strong flavor, great for pestos. The flowers are small, white in color and arranged in a terminal spike. [31] The Bulgarian Orthodox Church, Serbian Orthodox Church, Macedonian Orthodox Church and Romanian Orthodox Church use basil (Bulgarian and Macedonian: босилек; Romanian: busuioc, Serbian: босиљак) to prepare holy water and pots of basil are often placed below church altars. GOODNESS. Because only the blooming stem is so affected, some stems can be pinched for leaf production, while others are left to bloom for decoration or seeds. In general, it is added at the last moment, as cooking quickly destroys the flavor. [32] Some Greek Orthodox Christians even avoid eating it due to its association with the legend of the Elevation of the Holy Cross. The platform is entirely dedicated to African stock markets with the added functionality of access to historical data that include share price, market performances, trade volume and daily … Downy mildew caused by Peronospora belbahrii is a significant disease, as first reported in Italy in 2004. Although basil grows best outdoors, it can be grown indoors in a pot and, like most herbs, will do best on a sun-facing windowsill. Basil grows between 30–130 cm (12–51 in) tall, with opposite, light green, silky leaves 3–11 cm (1.2–4.3 in) long and 1–6 cm (0.39–2.36 in) broad. MY. Picking the leaves off the plant helps promote growth, largely because the plant responds by converting pairs of leaflets next to the topmost leaves into new stems. ... Use blue and yellow sticky traps to capture adult thrips. The favorite color is that pretty, violet blue that is unlike other gemstones. It's great with a grilled pork chop and some crusty bread. Seedlings may be killed by Pythium damping off. Our goal is to deliver and provide the latest news and analysis on economies, companies and industries in the region. Once the plant is allowed to flower, it may produce seed pods containing small black seeds, which can be saved and planted the following year. The fresh herb can be kept for a short time in plastic bags in the refrigerator, or for a longer period in the freezer, after being blanched quickly in boiling water. Provider of financial market data, news, analysis and research with a focus on Africa. [20] It was reported in the U.S. in 2007 and 2008.
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